Loading...
Res No 035-18-15067RESOLUTION NO. 035-18-15067 A Resolution of the Mayor and City Commission of the City of South Miami, Florida. authorizing and directing the City Attorney to join the lawsuit filed by the City of Weston seeking a declaration that the provisions punishing elected officials set forth in section 790.33, Florida Statutes, for violating the preemption related to the regulation of firearms and ammunition are invalid. WHEREAS, over the past several years there have been an unprecedented number of mass shootings in American communities including, most recently, at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida; and WHEREAS, national and state leaders continue to fail to act to implement sensible gun law reforms that are supported by a majority of the nation; and WHEREAS, on January 22, 2013, the City Commission for the City of Weston adopted Resolution No. 201303, urging the Florida Legislature to repeal certain sections of Florida Statutes that prevent local governments from exercising their Home Rule Authority to regulate and/or prohibit fIrearms in public parks and other local government-owned facilities and property; and WHEREAS, on April 7,2014, the City Commission for the City of Weston adopted Resolution No. 2014-34, supporting House Bill 305 and Senate Bill 492, which would have amended Florida Statutes to permit a local government to exercise its Home Rule Authority to regulate firearms and ammunition upon local government-owned property; and WHEREAS, requests by the City of Weston to the Florida legislature to enact legislation relating to firearms in City facilities and parks, or to allow the City to do so, have been unsuccessful; and WHEREAS, in Section 790.33, Florida Statutes, the State of Florida (a) declared that it is occupying the whole fIeld of regulation of fIrearms and ammunition, to the exclusion of all existing and future county or city ordinances, regulations or rules, (b) prohibit the enactment of any future ordinances or regulations "relating to fIrearms," and ( c) creates potential liability for monetary damages and removal from offIce for actions that violate s. 790.33; and WHEREAS, Section 790.33's use of the terms "relating to fIrearms" and "any measure, directive, rule, enactment, order or policy promulgated," is extremely broad and vague, and could apply to a panoply of measures that the City would like to consider enacting, including the restricting of guns in City facilities and parks, the placing of signs relating to guns in City facilities and parks, the regulation of gun accessories (such as holsters or bump stocks) or the creating of "gun free zones" or "gun safe zones"; and WHEREAS, the potential violation of the broad and vague preemption of fIrearm regulation in Section 790.33, Florida Statutes, carries the risk of onerous and punitive consequences, including but not limited to damages up to $100,000, assessment of attorney fees Page 1 of 3 Res. No. 035-18-15067 and court costs, fines up to $5,000 (for which the official may be personally liable), removal from office by the Governor without due process of law, and a prohibition of the use of public funds to payor reimburse the official for fines, damages or defense costs (collectively, the "Onerous Preemption Penalties"); and WHEREAS, the City Commission and its members fear taking any steps that could even remotely be viewed as a violation of the preemption due to the Onerous Preemption Penalties which creates a chilling effect upon City action and it prevents the City Commission from doing its duty to provide for the safety and welfare of its citizens by protecting them against the dangers of firearms; and WHEREAS, the City Commission and its members desire to consider various reasonable measures related to firearms, including the restriction of guns in City facilities and parks, the placing of signs related to guns in City facilities and parks, the regulation of gun accessories (such as holsters or bump stocks), the creation of "gun free zones" or "gun safe zones," or other measures related to guns, but have refrained from doing so because they could possibly be viewed as violating s. 790.33 and be subjected to the Onerous Preemption Penalties; and WHEREAS, the Onerous Preemption Penalties strike at the core of the American system of democratic representation; they suppress the voice of the local electorate through intimidation of local elected officials; and WHEREAS, the Onerous Preemption Penalties infringe on the free speech rights of the City Commission and its members, and interfere with their ability to perform their official duties; and WHEREAS, the Onerous Preemption Penalties infringe upon the legislative immunity that the members of the City Commission enjoy under law when casting votes in their official capacities; and -WHEREAS, s. 790.33 conflicts with Article 4, Section 7 of the Florida Constitution, by allowing the Governor to remove a municipal official who has not been indicted for any crime, and violates due process; and WHEREAS, the City Commission believes it is in the best interest of the residents of the City to file a lawsuit seeking a declaration that the Onerous Preemption Penalties are invalid. NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSIONERS OF THE CITY OF SOUTH MIAMI, FLORIDA: Section 1: The foregoing recitals contained in the preamble to this Resolution are incorporated by reference herein. Section 2: The City Attorney is hereby authorized and instructed to engage with the City of Weston in its lawsuit seeking declaratory and other appropriate relief to challenge the Onerous Page 2 of 3 Res. No. 035-18-15067 Preemption Penalties contained in Section 790.33, Florida Statutes, based upon any appropriate legal theories, including those set forth above. Section 3: The City Commission invites and urges other local governments and elected officials to join the City as plaintiffs in the lawsuit and to coordinate their efforts with the City of Weston. Section 4: The City Clerk IS directed to distribute this Resolution to all local governments in Miami-Dade County. Section 5: The appropriate City officials are authorized to execute all necessary documents and to take any necessary action to effectuate the intent of this Resolution. Section 6: Severability. If any section clause, sentence, or phrase of this resolution is for any reason held invalid or unconstitutional by a court of competent jurisdiction, the holding shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this resolution. Section 7: Effective Date. This resolution, shall become effective immediately upon adoption. PASSED AND ADOPTED this 6th day of March, 2018. Page 3 of3 APPROVE~: /;1 II ~4 MAYR COMMISSION VOTE: 5-0 Mayor Stoddard: Yea Vice Mayor Harris: Yea Commissioner Welsh: Yea Commissioner Liebman: Yea Commissioner Gil: Yea I 2 3 4 CITY OF WESTON, flORIDA RESOLUTION NO. 2018-30 5 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF WESTON, 6 FLORIDA, AUTHORIZING AND DIRECTING THE CITY ATTORNEY TO FILE A 7 LAWSUIT SEEKING A DECLARATION THAT THE PROVISIONS PUNISHING 8 ELECTED OFFICIALS SET FORTH IN SECTION 790.33, FLORIDA STATUTES, FOR 9 VIOLATING THE PREEMPTION RELATED TO THE REGULATION OF FIREARMS 10 AND AMMUNITION ARE INVALID, AND INVITING OTHER LOCAL II GOVERNMENTS TO JOIN THE LAWSUIT. 12 13 WHEREAS, First, over the past several years there have been an unprecedented number of 14 mass shootings in American communities including, most recently, at Marjory Stoneman Douglas 15 High School in Parkland, Florida; and 16 17 WHEREAS, Second, National and State leaders continue to fail to act to implement sensible 18 gun law reforms that are supported by a majority of the nation; and 19 20 WHEREAS, Third, the residents of Weston have repeatedly petitioned that the City 21 Commission take action regarding gun violence, including requests that the City ban, restrict or take 22 other steps that would reduce the threat from firearms in City facilities and parks; and 23 24 WHEREAS, Fifth, on January 22, 2013, the City Commission adopted Resolution No. 2013- 25 03, urging the Florida Legislature to repeal certain sections of Florida Statutes that prevent local 26 governments from exercising their Home Rule Authority to regulate and/or prohibit firearms in public 27 parks and other local government-owned facilities and property; and 28 29 WHEREAS, Sixth, on April 7, 2014, the City Commission adopted Resolution No. 2014-34, 30 supporting House 8ill305 and Senate Bill 492, which would have amended Florida Statutes to permit 31 a local government to exercise its Home Rule Authority to regulate firearms and ammunition upon 32 local government-owned property; and 33 34 WHEREAS, Seventh, the City's requests to the State Legislature to enact legislation relating to 35 firearms in City facilities and parks, or to allow the City to do so, have been unsuccessful; and 36 37 WHEREAS, Eighth, in Section 790.33, Florida Statutes, the State of Florida (a) declared that it 38 is occupying the whole field of regulation of firearms and ammunition, to the exclusion of all existing 39 and future county or city ordinances, regulations or rules, {b} purports to prohibit the enactment of 40 any future ordinances or regulations "relating to firearms," and {c} also purports to create potential 41 liability for damages for actions other than ordinances and regulations, including any "measure, 42 directive, rule, enactment, order, or policy promulgated or caused to be enforced"; and 43 44 WHEREAS, Ninth, the purported preemption, by using the terms "relating to firearms" and 45 "any measure, directive, rule, enactment, order or policy promulgated," is extremely broad and 46 vague, and could apply to a panoply of measures that the City would like to consider enacting, #69019 vl Resolution No. 2018·30 Page 1 of 4 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF WESTON, FLORIDA, AUTHORIZING AND DIRECTING THE CITY ATTORNEY TO FILE A LAWSUIT SEEKING A DECLARATION THAT THE PROVISIONS PUNISHING ELECTED OFFICIALS SET FORTH IN SECTION 790.33, FLORIDA STATUTES, FOR V!OLATING THE PREEMPTION RELATED TO THE REGULATION OF FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION ARE INVALID, AND INVITING OTHER LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO JOIN THE LAWSUIT. including the restricting of guns in City facilities and parks, the placing of signs relating to guns in 2 City facilities and parks, the regulation of gun accessories (such as holsters or bump stocks) or the 3 creating of "gun free zones" or "gun safe zones"; and 4 5 WHEREAS, Tenth, the potential violation of the broad and vague preemption of firearm 6 regulation in Section 790.33, Florida Statutes, carries the risk of onerous and punitive consequences, 7 including but not limited to damages up to $100,000 and fines up to $5,000 (for which the official 8 may be personally liable), removal from office by the Governor without due process of law, and a 9 prohibition of the use of public funds to payor reimburse the official for fines, damages or defense 10 costs (collectively, the "Onerous Preemption Penalties"); and II 12 WHEREAS, Eleventh, as a result of the Onerous Preemption Penalties, the City Commission J3 and its members fear taking any steps that could even remotely be viewed as a violation of the 14 preemption, creating a chilling effect upon City action and preventing the City Commission from 15 responding to the petitions and requests of the City's residents to do something to protect against the 16 dangers of firearms; and 17 18 WHEREAS, Twelfth, the City Commission and its members desire to consider various 19 reasonable measures related to firearms, including the restriction of guns in City facilities and parks, 20 the placing of signs related to guns in City facilities and parks, the regulation of gun accessories (such 21 as holsters or bump stocks), the creation of "gun free zones" or "gun safe zones," or other measures 22 related to guns, but have refrained from doing so because they could possibly be viewed as falling 23 under the preemption and be subjected to the Onerous Preemption Penalties; and 24 25 WHEREAS, Thirteenth, the Onerous Preemption Penalties strike at the core of the American 26 system of democratic representation: they suppress, in an insidious, Orwellian fashion, the voice of 27 the local electorate through intimidation of local elected officials; and 28 29 WHEREAS, Fourteenth, the Onerous Preemption Penalties infringe on the free speech rights 30 of the City Commission and its members, and interfere with their ability to perform their official 31 duties; and 32 33 WHEREAS, Fifteenth, the Onerous Preemption Penalties infringe upon the legislative 34 immunity the members of the City Commission enjoy under law when casting votes in their official 35 capacities; and 36 37 WHEREAS, Sixteenth, the portion of the Onerous Preemption Penalties related to the removal 38 from office by the Governor conflicts with Article 4, Section 7 of the Florida Constitution, by allowing 39 the Governor to remove a municipal official who has not been indicted for any crime, and violates 40 due process; and 41 ~69019 v1 Resolution No. 2018-30 Page 2 of 4 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF WESTON, FLORIDA, AUTHORIZING AND DIRECTINGTHE CITY ATTORNEY TO FILE A LAWSUIT SEEKING A DECLARATION THAT THE PROVISIONS PUNISHING ELECTED OFFICIALS SET FORTH IN SECTION 790.33, FLORIDA STATUTES, FOR VIOLATING THE PREEMPTION RELATED TO THE REGULATION OF FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION f\RE iNVALID, AND INVITING OTHER LOCAL COVERNMENTS TO JOIN THE LAWSUIT. WHEREAS, Seventeenth, the City Commission believes it is in the best interest of the residents 2 of the City to fi Ie a lawsuit seeking a declaration that the Onerous Preemption Penalties are invalid 3 and urging other local governments to join the lawsuit as plaintiffs with the City. 4 5 NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Commission of the City of Weston, Florida: 6 7 Section 1: The foregoing recitals contained in the preamble to this Resolution are incorporated by 8 reference herein. 9 10 Section 2: The City Commission hereby authorizes and directs the City Attorney to file a lawsuit 11 naming the City and those any individual Members of the Commission (in their official capacity) who 12 choose to participate, as plaintiffs, seeking declaratory and other appropriate relief to challenge the 13 Onerous Preemption Penalties contained in Section 790.33, Florida Statutes, based upon any 14 appropriate legal theories, including those set forth above. 15 16 Section 3: The City Commission invites and urges other local governments and elected officials to 17 join the City as plaintiffs in the lawsuit and to coordinate their efforts with the City. 18 19 Section 4: The City Clerk is directed to distribute this Resolution to all local governments in Broward 20 County. 21 22 Section 5: The appropriate City officials are authorized to execute all necessary documents and to 23 take any necessary action to effectuate the intent of this Resolution. 24 25 Section 6: This Resolution shall take effect upon its adoption. 26 27 !'69019 v1 Reso!utlon No 2018-30 Page 3 oj 4 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF WESTON, FLORIDA, AUTHORIZING AND DIRECTING THE CITY ATTORNEY TO FILE A LAWSUIT SEEKING A DECLARATION THAT THE PROVISIONS PUNISHING ELECTED OFFICIALS SET FORTH IN SECTION 790.33, FLORIDA STATUTES, FOR VIOLATING THE PREEMPTION RELATED TO THE REGULATION OF FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION ARE INVALID, AND INVITING OTHER LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO JOIN THE LAWSUIT. I ADOPTED by the City Commission of the City of Weston, Florida, this 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ATIEST: 10 ~~ q{~,,--y~ 13f(:1l( Patricia A. Bates, City Clerk 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Approved as to form and legality for the use of.aA rei iance by the City of W~stOn nly: /' (~ #69019 vI Re~olllrion No. 2018·30 Daniel J. Roll Call: Commissioner Jaffe Commissioner Feuer Commissioner Kallman Commissioner Brown Mayor Stermer Pagp 4 <Ii 4 Qltitllupiac 1)()11 UNIVERSITY FOR RELEASE: FEBRUARY 28, 2018 Peter A. Brown, Assistant Director (203) 535-6203 Rubenstein Pat Smith (212) 843-8026 FLORIDA VOTERS OPPOSE TEACHERS WITH GUNS, QUINNIPIAC UNIVERSITY POLL FINDS; SUPPORT FOR 'ASSAULT WEAPON' BAN ALMOST 2-1 Florida voters oppose 56 -40 percent allowing teachers and school officials to carry guns on school grounds, according to a Quinnipiac University Poll released today. Voters with children under 18 years old in public schools oppose arming school personnel 53 -43 percent. But 51 percent of voters say "increased security at school entrances" would do more to reduce gun violence in schools, compared to 32 percent who say stricter gun laws would do more and 12 percent who say armed teachers would do more to keep schools safe, the independent Quinnipiac (KWIN-uh-pe-ack) University Poll finds. Florida voters support 62 -33 percent a nationwide ban on the sale of "assault weapons." In a separate question with different wording, voters support 53 -42 percent a nationwide ban on the sale of all "semi-automatic rifles." Voters support 65 -29 percent "stricter gun laws," with strong support for other gun control measures: • 96 -3 percent for requiring background checks for all gun buyers; • 62 -34 percent for a nationwide ban on the sale of high-capacity magazines that hold more than 1 0 rounds; • 87 -10 percent for a mandatory waiting period on all gun purchases; • 78 -20 percent for requiring that all gun buyers be at least 21 years old; • 89 -8 percent for allowing police or family members to petition a judge to remove guns from a person who may be at risk of violent behavior; • 92 -6 percent for banning gun ownership by anyone who has had a restraining order for stalking, domestic abuse or other reasons. "The notion that we are bitterly divided on political matters -the case for past decades - has found an exception to that rule. Florida voters -be they young or old, white or black, man or woman -have a common enemy," said Peter A. Brown, assistant director of the Quinnipiac University Poll. -more- 1 I I ~ Quinnipiac University Poll/February 28, 2018 -page 2 "Floridians are strongly united that more needs to be done to reign in guns, especially the type of gun used this month to massacre 17 people in Parkland," Brown added. "Depending on how questions are asked, large majorities support efforts to restrict gun purchases; to require background checks for buyers and to ban certain types of guns. "These numbers show remarkable agreement across the electorate, the kind not seen very often these days." It is "too easy" to buy a gun in Florida today, 63 percent of voters say, while 28 percent say it is "about right" and 1 percent say it is "too difficult." Florida voters oppose 56 -36 percent allowing local governments to adopt gun laws that are stricter than state law. If more people carried guns, Florida would be "less safe," 56 percent of voters say, while 34 percent say the state would be "safer." Florida's state government must do more to reduce gun violence, 75 percent of voters say, while 18 percent say government is doing enough. Voters give Gov. Rick Scott a split 42 -45 percent approval rating for his handling of the issue of gun violence. Voters disapprove 54 -40 percent of President Donald Trump's handling of gun violence and disapprove 50 -39 percent ofthe president's response to the Parkland school massacre. Voters disapprove 52 -31 percent of Sen. Marco Rubio's handling of gun violence and give Sen. Bill Nelson a divided score as 36 percent approve and 37 percent disapprove. Voting Rights for Former Felons Florida voters support 67 -27 percent restoring voting rights to convicted felons, other than those convicted of murder or sexual offenses, who have completed their sentences. Every listed party, gender, education, age and racial group supports this idea, with support ranging from 50 -42 percent among Republicans to 82 -15 percent among Democrats. From February 23 -26, Quinnipiac University surveyed 1,156 Florida voters with a margin of error of +/-3.6 percentage points, including the design effect. Live interviewers call landlines and cell phones. The Quinnipiac University Poll, directed by Douglas Schwartz, Ph.D., conducts nationwide public opinion surveys, and statewide polls in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Florida, Ohio, Virginia, Iowa and Colorado as a public service and for research. Visit J)oll.gu.edu or w''''w.facebook.com/quinnipiacpoll Call (203) 582-5201, or follow us on Twitter @QuinnipiacPoll. 2 17. Do YO',,) support or oppose restorir:g vot:'.ng r1g;,·.:s to lndividuals who r:ave cO;]lDit1:ed a felony other than m:.;:cder or sexual o:fense a:1d compl.eted their sentences? Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA To~ 67% 27 6 AGE IN 18-34 79% 19 2 Gun HsHld 63% 31 7 Rep Oem Ind 50% 82% 68% 42 15 25 8 3 6 YRS .............. 35-49 58-64 65+ 62% 66% 65% 32 30 25 6 4 9 DENSITy ............ City S'cburb Rural 63% 72% 64 % 31 23 28 6 5 8 WHITE ...... COLLEGE DEG Men Worn Yes No 63% 70% 66% 63% 32 23 25 31 5 7 9 5 WHITE ..... Men Worn Wht Blk 59% 69% 6t:;!l, vO 82% 35 23 28 14 6 8 7 4 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 62% 63% 31 32 6 5 19. Do you support or oppose stricter gun laws in the United States? Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Tot 65% 29 6 AGE 11\ 18-34 72% 23 5 Gun HsHld 49% 42 9 Rep Oem Ind 43% 87% 68% 49 10 26 8 2 6 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 62% 62% &;,09,-VJ 0 34 31 24 4 7 7 DENSITy ............ City Suburb Rural 68% 68% 50% 27 26 41 4 6 9 Men 53% 41 6 Worn 76% 18 6 WHITE ..... . COLLEGE DEG Yes No 66% 30 4 57% 34 8 WHITE. .... Men 48% 46 7 Worn 73% 22 6 Wht 61% 32 6 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS Yes 64% 33 3 InPublic School 63% 34 3 Blk 77% 19 5 Hsp 62% 35 3 Hsp 73% 23 5 3 20, :10 you support 0:'-' oppose requ::.r::.ng backgro'c:;;d checks for all gun buyers"? Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Tot 96% 3 .L AGE IN 18-34 99% 1 GU!1 HsHld 95% 4 1 Rep Jem Ir.d 94% 97% 97% 5 3 2 1 YRS ... ,., .. ,' .... 35-49 50-64 65+ 94% 95% 97% 5 5 2 1 1 DENSITY." ' ........ City Suburb Rural 96% 97% 94% 3 3 5 1 1 1 Men Wom 95% 97% 4 2 1 1 WHITE ... , . Men Worn 95% 98% 4 1 1 1 HAVE KIDS <18 WHITE, , , , , , COLLEGE DEG Yes No 96% 98% 3 2 2 Wht Blk 97% 91% 2 9 1 YRS InPublic Yes School 96% 96% 3 3 1 1 21. Do you support or oppose a !1a~ionwide ban on t~e sale of assault weapons"? WHITE ..... . COLLEGE OEG Tot Rep Oem Ind Me:1 Wom Yes No Support 62% 40% 86% 62% 47% 75% 64% 5S% Oppose 33 53 11 32 50 18 32 37 DK/NA 5 7 3 5 3 7 4 4 AGE IN YRS ... ", .. , ..... WHITE. . , . , lS-34 35-49 50-64 65+ Men Worn Wht Blk Support 47% 53% 65% 76% 44% 75% 61% 6S% Oppose 46 43 29 20 53 19 35 25 DK/NA 7 4 7 4 3 6 4 7 HAVE KIDS <IS YRS Gun DENSITY. , ......... , InPublic HsHld City Suburb Rural Yes School Support 0% 65% 64% 48% 50% ~ 9% Oppose 52 29 32 47 46 46 DK/NA 5 6 3 5 4 5 Hsp 98% 2 Hsp 64% 32 4 4 22. Do yo;.; supporT: or oppose a :1at.~.o:1wlde bar, or: the sale of a 1::. semi-automatic rifles? WHITE ...... COLLEGE DEG Tot Rep Oem ::nd Men Worn Yes No Support 53% 27% 78% 55% 36% 68% 53% 48% Oppose 42 66 19 39 59 26 40 48 DK/NA 5 7 3 6 5 6 7 5 AGE I)I; YRS .............. WHITE ..... 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ Men Worn WhT. Blk Hsp Support 50% 41% 58% 62% 31% 67% 50% 66% 58% Oppose 48 55 38 31 65 27 44 33 38 DK/NA 2 4 4 7 4 7 6 2 4 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS Gun DENSITY ............ InPublic HsHld CIty Suburb Rural Yes School Support 32% 57% 56% 34% 44% 42% Oppose 64 38 38 60 52 52 DK/NA 4 5 5 6 4 5 23. Do you support or oppose a natlonWlde ban on the sale of high-capacity ammunitlon magazines that hold more than 10 bullets? Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Tot 62% 34 4 AGE IN 18-34 57% 42 1 Gun HsHld 46% 50 4 Rep Oem Ind 39% 85% 65% 56 14 31 6 1 4 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 54% 66% 72% 43 31 24 3 3 4 DENSITY ............ City Suburb R'Jral 65% 62% 55% 32 34 40 3 t; 5 WHIlE ...... COLLEGE DEG Men Wom Yes No 48% 75% 64% 58% 50 20 30 39 3 5 6 3 WHITS ..... Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp 47% 73% 61% 74% 65% 51 21 34 26 33 2 7 5 1 2 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes ScJ;ool 55% 5-=l!l, ~o 42 43 3 3 5 1 I t I 24. Do you suppor~ or oppose irnpos~~g a ~a~aa~ory waiting per~od O~ all gu,-?urchases, so that everyone who purchases a gur. ~~st wa~t a certain numbe~ of days before tak~ng the gU:1 home? Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Tot 87% 10 3 AGE IN 18-34 85% 14 1 Gll:1 HsHld 83% 14 2 Rep uern Ina 82% 96% 88% 14 3 10 4 1 2 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 88% 87% 90% 10 11 6 2 2 (, DENSITy ............ City Suburb Rural 90% 87% 82% 8 11 13 2 2 5 WHITE ...... COLLEGE DEG Men Worn Yes No 83% 91% 86% 87% 15 6 9 II 2 3 5 2 WfiITE ..... Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp 81% 91% 87% 93% 90% 17 5 10 7 9 2 4 3 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 85% 85% 14 14 1 1 25. Do you support or oppose imposir.9 a ~a,-datory walting period on purchases of assa~lt weapons, so that everyone who p~rchases an assaa~t weapon must wai~ a certain number of days before Support Oppose DK/NA Support O?pose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA taki~g .!.t home? Tot 85% 11 4 AGE IN 18-34 85% 13 2 Gun l-IsHld 83% :;'4 3 Rep Jerr. Ind 82% 89% 87% 13 7 10 5 4 2 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 86% 86% 85% 12 9 9 2 5 6 DENSITY ............ City Subu:::-b Rural 88% 85% 81% 9 10 17 3 6 2 WHITE ...... COLLEGE DEG Men \i(forn Yes No 81% 89% 85% 84% 15 6 10 11 4 5 5 5 WHITE ..... Men ~vom Wht Blk Hsp 79% 89% 85% 89% 89% 17 5 10 10 10 4 6 5 1 ~ HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 85% 83% 13 :.5 2 2 6 26. Do yo~ sUpporL or oppose requir:~g indivld~als LO be 21 years of age or older in order to purchase a gun? Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA TOi: 78% 20 2 AGE IN 18-34 77% 23 1 Gun HsHld 69% 30 2 Rep Dem Ind 68% 93% 77% 29 7 22 3 1 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ T .. % 82% 82% 27 17 15 2 1 3 DENSITY ............ City Suburb R~ral 78% 80% 74% 20 19 23 2 2 3 WHI':E ..... _ COLLEGE DEG Men Worn Yes Ko 67% 88% 76% 74% 31 lO 20 24 2 2 3 2 WHITE: •.••. Men. Worn Wht Blk Hsp 63% 85% 75% 88% 8:1% 35 12 22 12 18 2 3 2 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 78% 78% 21 21 1 1 27. Do you support or oppose al:owing the police or family members to petition a judge to remove guns fro~ a person that ~ay be at ~isk for violent behavior? Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Supp~rt Oppose DK/NA Tot 89% 8 3 AGE IN 18-34 90% 8 2 Gun HsHld 86% 11 3 Rep Dem Ind 86% 93% 91% 8 5 7 5 1 2 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 87% 87% 93% 10 9 4 3 4 3 DENSITy ............ City S:.;bc;~b Rural 91% 91% 83% 6 6 :!-5 4 3 1 WHITE ..... . COLLEGE DEG Men Worn Yes No 84% 94% 88% 92% 12 4 7 5 4 2 5 3 WHITE.: ... Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp 87% 92% 90% 88% 91% 9 4 6 -11 7 4 3 4 1 2 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 86% 87% :0 10 4 4 7 28. Do you support or oppose ban~ing the possession or purchase of a gun if an individual has had a restraining order fi:ed agalnst t~ern for stalking or domestic, sexual, or repeat violence? Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Tot 92% 6 2 AGE IN 18-34 ·92% 5 3 Gun HsHld 91% 8 1 Rep Dem :"d 91% 96% 92% 7 3 7 2 1 1 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 85% 94% 97% 12 4 2 3 2 1 DENSITY ............ Ci;:y Suburb Rural 90% 95% 93% 7 4 6 2 ~ 1 WHITE ...... COLLEGE DEG Me}; Worn Yes No 89% 95% 94% 94% 8 4 5 4 3 1 2 1 WHITE ..... Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp 91% 97% 94% 86% 93% 7 2 4 12 5 3 1 2 2 2 HAVE KIDS <:i.8 YRS InPubllc Yes School 86% 86% 10 10 4 4 29. Do you thi~k t~at local governments should be allowed to enac~ stricter gun laws to meet tte needs of the~r co~~unities, or should local governments be required to follow state gun laws? WHITE ..... . COLLEGE DEG Tot Rep Dem Ind Men Worn Yes No Allow stricter laws 36% 20% 52% 38% . 29% 43% 40% 31% Follow state laws 56 71 43 55 64 49 54 62 DK/NA 8 9 5 7 7 8 6 7 AGE IN YRS .............. WHITE ..... 18-34 35-49 50-64 65~ Men Worn wht Blk Hsp Allow stricter laws 35% 35% 38% 37% 26% 43% 36% 43% 38% Follow state laws 59 60 56 52 67 51 58 57 50 DK/NA 5 5 6 11 7 6 7 1 12 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS Gun DENSITy ............ InPubllc HsHld City Suburb Rural Yes School Allow stricter laws 26% 36% 40% 29% 34% 31% Follow state laws 69 53 55 67 57 60 DK/NA 6 11 5 4 8 9 8 30. Do you think ~t: is too easy to ~-uy a gUT: ~!l rlo:::-ida today, too cl:ficult to buy a gun irl F'lorida today, or about rlght? WHITE ...... COLLEGE DEG Tot Rep Dem Ind Men Worn Yes No Too easy 63% 38% 89% 64% (;9% 75% 61% 55% Too difficult 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 About right 28 50 6 26 43 15 29 37 DK/NA 8 11 ,; 9 6 9 8 8 AGE: IN YRS .............. WHITE ..... 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp Too easy 68% 59% 64% 65% 42% 71% 58% 76% 74% Too difficult 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 About rigi:t 25 37 28 20 50 19 33 14 19 DK/NA 4 3 6 :4 7 9 8 9 5 HAVE !<IDS <18 YRS Gun DENSITy ............ InPublic HsHld City Suburb Rural Yes School Too easy 48% 66% 64% 53% 60% 58% Too difficult -1 2 1 1 1 ... About nght 46 24 27 41 34 35 DK/NA 5 9 7 6 5 5 31. If rno:::e people carrled g .. :.ns, do yoa t.hlnk thar. Florida would be safer or less safe? WHITE ...... COLLEGE DEG Tot !'/.ep Cern Ind Men Worn Yes No Safer 34% 64% 6% 30% 48% 21% 36% 45% Less safe 56 21 91 58 43 67 52 46 DK/NA lO 15 3 13 8 12 12 9 AGE IN YRS .... --_ .. --.. -WHITE. .. __ 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ Men WOD Wht Elk Hsp Safer 35% 39% 35% 26% 57% 27% 40% 10% 25% Less safe 59 50 56 63 35 61 49 85 63 DK/NA 6 10 8 12 8 13 11 5 12 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS Gun DENSITY ___ .. _ . _ .. _ . InPublic HsHld Clty SClburb Rural Yes School Safer 54% 32% 33% 6,9, • _ 0 37% 38% Less safe 34 59 56 48 53 53 9K/NA 12 10 11 9 9 9 9 32. Do you suppor~ or. oppose a110wi~g teacr.ers a~o school o:fic~als to carry guns on school. grounds? Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Support Oppose DK/NA Tot 40% 56 4 AGE IN 18-34 32% 66 2 Gun HsHld 57% 38 4 Rep Dem Inci 72% :1% 37% 21 86 60 7 3 3 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65~ 46% 42% 35% 51 55 59 3 4 6 DENSITY ............ Ci'i:y S;]bu:::-b Hural 38% 38% 50% 58 57 45 3 5 6 WHITE ...... COLLEGE DEG Men Worn Yes No 48% 33% 45% 51% 48 63 51 45 4 5 4 4 WHIiE ..... Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp 59% 39% 48% 19% 27% 37 56 48 78 68 3 5 4 3 5 HAVE KILlS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 43% 43% 52 53 5 4 33. Which of these do you think would co more to reduce gun violence in schools, having st~icter gu~ laws, ar~ed teacr:ers in sc~ools, or inc~eased security a~ school entrances? WHITE ..... . COLLEGE DEG Tot Rep Dem Ind Men Worn Yes No Stricter gun laws 32% 8% 59% 29% 25% 38% 34% 26% Armed teachers 12 24 12 18 8 16 16 I:1creased security 51 64 38 53 54 48 45 52 DK/NA 5 4 3 7 4 6 5 6 AGE IN YRS .............. WHITE ..... 18-34 35-49 50-64 65.,. Men Worn Wht 3lk Esp Stricter gu'n laws 33% 26% 34% 35% 22% 37% 30% 35% 34% Armed teachers 11 9 16 12 23 11 16 4 8 Increased security 54 60 45 47 52 45 48 55 56 DK/NA 1 5 5 6 3 7 5 6 3 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS Gun DENSITy ............ InPublic HsHld City Suburb Rural Yes School Stricter gun laws 17% 30% 36% 26% 25% 23% Armed teachers 19 12 12 16 13 14 Increased security 59 52 49 52 58 58 DK/NA 5 5 4 6 4 4 10 34. Vo you approve or disapprove of Pres::.cer::t Tru!:"tp t s response t.o Lhe rece:;t school shooting 1n Florica? Approve Disapprove DK/NA Approve Disapprove DK/NA Approve Dlsapprove DK/NA Tot 39% 50 :1.0 Arr \.:J~ IN 18-34 24% 56 20 Gun Hs:-lld 54% 34 12 Rep Dem Ind 75% 9% 34% 14 85 53 11 6 12 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 42% 41% 41% 50 52 49 8 7 10 DENSITy ............ City Suburb Rural 36% 40% 49% 53 52 40 11 9 '1 "i WHITE ..... . COLLEGE DEG Men Worn Yes No 45% 34% 44% 49% 44 57 l;9 38 12 9 8 13 WHITE ..... Men Worn Wht Blk HSp 55% 39% 46% 13% 34% 33 51 43 77 55 12 9 1e 11 11 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes Scl-:ool 38% 3t:.Sl, JO 50 51 12 14 35. Do you ·think Congress 1S doing e~oligh to reduce gun violence or do you think Cor.gress needs to do more to red~ce gun violence? 1J0ing enough Do more D!</NA DOing eno;Jgh Do more DK/NA Doing enough Do more DK/NA Tot 16% 79 6 AGE IN 18-34 17% 81 1 Gun HsHld 25% 67 8 Rep Dem Ind 28% 2% 16% 63 98 78 10 6 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 17% 17% 10% 76 78 84 7 5 6 DENSITY ............ City Suburb Rural 1 % 16% 25% 8 80 65 4 10 WHITE ...... COLLEGE DEG Men Worn Yes No 22% 10% 16% 20% 71 86 78 70 7 4 6 10 WHITE ..... Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp 26% 12% 18% 3% 13% 64 82 74 97 84 11 6 8 3 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 18% 19% 78 77 4 4 11 36. Do you think r:orida's state gove=nmen: is doing eno~gh to reduce gun violence or do you think Florida's state government. needs to do rr.ore to reduce glm violence? Doing enough Do more DK/NA Doing enough Do more DK/NA Doing enough Do more DK/NA Tot:. 18% 75 6 AGE IN :8-34 14% 81 5 Gun HsHld 28% 64 8 Rep Dem Ind 32% 3% 18% 58 96 75 10 :i. 7 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 21% 21% 14% 74 74 78 5 5 8 DENSITY ............ C1ty Suburb Rural 15% 17% 29% 79 77 64 6 6 8 WH:;:TE ...... COLLEGE DEG Men Worn Yes No 26% 11% 18% 24% 67 83 75 68 6 6 7 8 WHITE ..... £l!ien Worn Wht Blk Hsp 31% 13% 21% 3% :;'7% 62 80 72 95 80 6 8 7 1 3 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 22% 21% 76 76 3 3 37. Do you think that the NRA, or National Rifle Association, supports policies that are good for Florlda or supports policles that a~e bad fo= Florida? Good Bad DK/NA Good Bad DK/NA Good Bad DK/NA Tot 35% 50 16 AGE IN 18-34 26% 58 16 G<ln HsHld 55% 31 14 Rep De!ll Ind 6li% 9% 30% 17 81 ·53 19 10 17 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65T 37% 39% 30% 40 52 55 23 9 15 DENSITy ............ City Subu=b Rural 30% 33% 52% 51 57 31 20 10 17 WHI':'E ..... . COLLEGE DEG Men Wom Yes No 48% 23% 37% 45% 40 58 51 42 12 19 12 14 WHITE ..... Men Wom Wht B1k Hsp 55% 29% 41% 18% 24% 35 56 46 66 52 10 15 13 16 24 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 36% 36% 45 42 20 22 12 I I i I I I I I I i i t i ; , ! i 38. (intra q3B-42: For each of Lhe £oi:OW~~gf please tell me lf you approve or c~sapprove of theJr handllng of the issue of gun violence.) Do yo~ approve or disapprove of -?reslcent Tru~p's hand11ng of the issue of gun violence? Approve Disapprove . DK/NA Approve Disapprove DK/NA Approve Disapprove DK/NA Tot 40% 54 5 AGE IN 18-34 28% 61 11 Gun HsHld 56% 38 6 Rep Cerr. ~:1ci 75% 10% 35% 18 88 59 8 2 7 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 43% 43% 39% 51 55 56 5 3 5 DENS IT" ............ City SLiburb Rural 35% 42% 48% 58 55 44 6 3 8 WHITE; ..... . COLi.SGE DEG Men Worn Yes No 48% 33% 44% 50% 46 61 53 42 5 6 3 8 WHITE ..... Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp 58% 39% 47% 17% 35% 36 56 47 79 61 6 5 6 4 4 HAVE KI,)S <18 YRS InPL:blic Yes School 42% 42% 53 53 5 5 39. Do you approve or disapprove o~ -Governor Scott'S handllng of the issue of gu~ violence? WHITE ..... . COLLEGE DEG Tot Rep Oem Inc Men Worn Yes No Approve 42% 68% 21% 38% 48% 37% 41% 5i% Disapprove 45 21 71 43 44 46 48 33 DK/NA 13 11 8 19 9 17 11 16 AGE IN YRS .............. WHITE ..... 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp Approve 32% 40% 45% 45% 54% 39% t; 6% 32% 37% Disapprove 46 44 49 43 37 44 41 61 47 DK/NA 22 16 6 13 9 17 13 7 16 I·lAVE KIDS <18 YRS Gun DENSITy ............ InPuDllc HsHld Clty SUD"c;rb Rural Yes School Approve 57% 42% 39% 49% 41% 42% Dlsapprove 32 t;tj 50 34 45 0 DK/NA 12 14 11 16 14 14 13 40, Do you approve 0:::-disapprove of -the Si:a"Ce leg::!.s2.at:...;.re's handling of the issue gun violer,ce? WHITE" "', COLLEGE DEG Tot ~ep Dem Ind Men Wom Yes No App:::-ove 22% 35% 9% 21% 30% 15% 21% 2<'9, ~ 0 Disapprove 59 38 B3 59 53 64 61 54 DK/NA 19 27 8 20 :7 21 IB 23 AGE IN YRS, ' , " , ,", , .. ,' . WHITE ..... 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp Approve 23% 27% 24% 15% 31% 15% 22% 22% 22% Disapprove 53 56 61 64 52 62 57 72 5B DK/NA 24 16 15 21 17 23 20 6 19 HAVE KIDS <1B YRS Gun DENSITy., ....... , .. InPublic HsHld City Suburb Ru.::a1 Yes School Approve 30% 21% 21% 30% 26% 26% Disapprove 46 60 65 43 55 54 DK/NA 24 19 15 27 19 20 41, Do you approve or disapprove of -Senator Rubio's handling of the issue of gun v~ole:1ce? Approve Disapprove DK/NA Approve Disapprove DK/NA Approve Disapp.::ove- DK/NA ~ot 31% 52 17 AGE IN 18-34 25% 55 20 Gun HsHld 39% 41 19 Rep Dem Ind 52% 13% 30% 24 81 50 24 6 19 YRS, .. ".,"', .. , 35-49 50-64 65+ 36% 34% 28% 48 55 53 16 11 19 DENSITY .. , . , , " . , .. City Suburb Rural 29% 33% 34% 55 53 42 16 14 24 WHITE ..... . COLLEGE DEG Men Worn Yes No 38% 26% 35% 33% 48 56 52 42 14 19 14 24 WH~TE,., .. !'lien Worn Wht Blk Hsp 44% 26% 34% 29% 25% 40 53 47 63 62 16 22 19 8 13 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 35% 35% 49 50 16 15 of 14 42. Do you approve or d.~sapp!:"ove of -Senate:::-Ne:'son's hanoli:1g of t:-te issue of gun violence? WHI?E ...... COLLEGE DEG Tot Rep Dem Ind Men Worn Yes No Approve 36% 17% 57% 33% 33% 38% 38% 32% Disapprove 37 53 24 31 43 30 36 38 DK/NA 28 29 :8 36 24 31 25 30 AGE IN YRS .............. WHITE. .... 18-34 35-49 50-64 65-!-Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp Approve 27% 34% 39% 40% 32% 38% 35% 51% 29% Disapprove 32 33 42 37 45 31 37 33 38 DK/NA 41 33 19 23 24 31 28 15 33 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS Gun DENSITy ............ InPublic HsHld City Suburb Rural ~es School Approve 31% 35% 36% 35% 35% 31% Disapprove 41 36 38 36 34 36 DK/NA 28 29 26 29 31 33 43. If you agreed with a candidate for United Sta~es Senator on other issues, but no~ on t~e issue of g~n laws, could you still vote !or that ca~didate, or would you deflnltely no~ vote for that candidate~ WHITE ..... . COLLEGE DEG Tot Rep Dero Ind Men Worn Yes No Yes/Still vote 47% 58% 33% 51% 52% 43% 45% 50% No/Not vote 42 29 59 38 38 45 42 40 DK/NA. 11 13 8 1 " -~ 10 13 13 11 AGE IN YRS .............. WHITE ..... 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ Men Worn Wht Blk Hsp Yes/Still vote 50% 50% 47% 42% 53% 42% 47% 50% 50% No/Not vote 41 39 44 43 38 44 41 45 36 DK/NA 9 11 9 14 9 14 12 6 13 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS Gun DENSITY ............ InPublic HsHld City Suburb Rural Yes Schoo:' Yes/Still vote 53% 46% 51% 46% 46% t:6% No/Not vote 37 42 40 43 41 42 DK/NA 10 12 9 J 1 13 13 15 44. If you agreec wich a candida~e for governor o~ other ~ss~es, but not O~ t~e iss~e of gu~ laws, coulti you s~ill vote for tha~ candltiate, or would you definitely not vote for that candidate? Yes/Still vote No/Not. vote DK/NA Yes/Still vote No/Not vote DK/NA Yes/Sti.ll vote No/Not vote DK/NA Tot 46% 44 10 AGE IN 18-34 49% 43 9 Gun HsHld 51% 39 10 Rep Dem Ind 58% 32% 50% 31 60 40 11 8 10 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 50% cQ~ .J 0 4 G% 40 tJr .::> 48 10 6 12 DENS:~Y ............ City Sub:.:rb Rural 45% 49% 48% 45 42 44 10 10 8 WHITE. ..... COLLEGE DEG Me~ Worn Yes No --0 ::>_15 43% 45% 47% t;,-4.6 46 44 8 11 10 9 WHITE ..... Men. Worn Wht Blk Hsp 52% 40% 46% 51% 51% 40 49 45 43 37 8 11 10 6 12 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 49% 50% 38 38 13 12 45. Has the recent ~ass s~oot~ng ~ade yo:.: More l~kely ~o support stri.cter g~n laws, less likely to support strlcter gUl: laws, or hasn't it had an impact either way? More :;'ikely I,ess likely No impacc. D!<:/NA More likely Less likely No impact DK/NA More Ii kely Less Ekely No iMpact DK/NA Tot 56% 6 35 3 AGE IN 18-34 51% 5 41 3 Gun HsHld 42% 9 44 4 Rep Dem Ind 40% 79% 52% 11 3 6 44 18 42 5 1 YRS .............. 35-49 50-64 65+ 52% 54% 62% 5 8 4 41 35 29 1 3 4 DENSITy ............ City SubGrb Rural 59% 56% 48% 6 4 l3 33 38 36 3 2 3 WHITE ...... COLLEGE DEG Men Worn Yes !\I a 45% 65% 50% 50% 8 5 5 7 45 27 44 39 2 3 2 4 WHITE. ., .. Me:', WOill Wht Elk Hsp 37% 60% 50% 77% 62% 7 5 6 6 5 52 32 41 15 30 3 3 3 2 3 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS InPublic Yes School 54% 55% 7 9 36 34 2 2 16 .:16. Is being the victim of a mass shooting somethlng you personally worry abo\:t or not? WHITE ...... COL!.EGE DEG Tot Rep Dem Ind Men Worn Yes No Yes/Worry 42% 37% 53% 38% 33% 50% 31% 39% No 57 62 45 61 66 49 68 60 DK/NA 1 , 2 J. ~ 1 1 1 J. AGE IN YRS .............. WHITE ..... 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ Men Worn Wht i31k Hsp Yes/Worry 54% 53% 38% 31% 26% 42% 35% 51% 61% No 45 46 61 68 74 56 64 45 39 DK/NA 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 HAVE KIDS <18 YRS Gun DENSITy ............ InPublic HsHld City Suburb Rural Yes School Yes/Worry 34% ~8% 41% 30% 52% 52% No 65 52 58 68 47 47 DK/NA 1 1 1 2 2 2 17 I j t I NO~ FINAL UNTIL TIXE EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION AND, IF FILED~ DISPOSED OF. IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF FLORIDA THIRD DISTRICT JANUARY TERM, A.D. 2002 NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION ** OF AMERICA, INC., UNIFIED SPORTSMEN OF FLORIDA, INC., W. DAVID TUCKER, SR., and JOHN DOE, Appellants, vs. CITY OF SOUTH MIAMI, Appellee. ** ** ** ** ** ** Opinion filed March 20, 2002. CASE NO. 3001-1027 LOWER TRIBUNAL CASE NO. 00-17530 An appeal from the Circuit Court of Miami-Dade County, Thomas S. Wilson, Jr., Judge. Montero, Finizio, Velasquez & Reyes (Ft. Lauderdale); Stephen P. Halbrook (Fairfax, Virginia), for appellants. Nagin, Gallop & Figueredo and Earl G.· Gallop, for City of South Miami; Paul F. Hancock, Deputy Attorney General; Parker D. Thomson, Special As~istant Attorney General; Michael J. Neimand, Assistant Attorney General, as amicus curiae for Attorney General Robert A. Butterworth, for appellee. Before COPE, FLETCHER, and RAMIREZ, JJ. FLETCHER, Judge. The Kational Rifle Association and others have appealed the -Crla..L court's sU~illary judgme~~, favor of the City of South Miami, concluding that this action for declaratory judgment is not ripe for determination . Involved is Ci ty of South Miami ordinatice 14-00-1716, regulating firearms by establishing certain safety standards therefor. The declaration the appellants are seeking includes a determination that the City's ordinance is ultra vires because the legislature expressly preempted the entire field of firearm and amrnuni tion regulation by enactment of section 790.33, Flor:ida Statutes (2000). This statute reads in pertinent part: " (1) PREEMPTION. -Except as expressly provided by general law, the Legislature hereby declares that it is occupying the whole field of regulation of firearms and aIT@unition, including the purchase, sale, transfer, taxation, manufacture, ownership, possession, and transportation thereof, to the excl usion of all existing and future county, city, town, or municipal ordinances or regulations relating thereto. Any such existing ordinances are hereby declared null and void. (3) POLICY AND INTENT. - (a) It is the intent of this section to provide uniform firearms laws in the state; to declare all ordinances and regulations null and VOld which have been enacted by any jurisdictions other than state and federal, which regulate firearms, ammunition, or componer:ts thereof; to prohibi t the enactment of any future ordinances or regulations relating to firearms , ammunition or components thereof llnless specifically authorized by this section or general law; and to require local jurisdictions to enforce state firearms laws. " In Penelas v. ArrEs Technoiocy, Inc., 778 So. 2d 1C42 (Fla. 3d DCA), 2 1 I i 1 I I I 1 I I i j I I I rev. denied, 799 So. 2d 218 (F~a. 2001), this court specifically stated that the legislature, through section 790.33, has indeed expressly pree~pted the entire field of firearm and aMuunition reg-ula tion. Authority for the state courts to render declaratory judgments regarding munlcipal ordinances may be found in section 86.021, Florida Statutes (2000): "Any person whose rights are affected by municipal ordinance may have determined any question of validity arising under such. . municipal ordinance . and obtain a declaration of rights . thereunder." In the recent Florida SupreTI',e Court decision construing Chapter 86, Florida Statutes, Olive v. Maas, 27 Fla.L.Weekly S139 (Fla. Feb. 14, 2002), the court made it clear that the Declaratory Judgment Act is to be liberally construed. The court cited and quoted from X Corp. v. Y Person, 622 So. 2d 1098, 1100 (Fla. 2d uCA), rev. denied, 618 So. 2d 212 (Fla. 1993): "The goals of the Declaratory Judgment Act are to relieve litigants of the common law rule that a declaration of rights cannot be adjudicated unless a right has been violated and .to render practical help in ending controversies which have not reached the stage where other legal relief is immediately available. To operate within this sphere of anticipatory and preventive justice, the Declaratory Judgment Act should be liberally construed." Eere we ~ave various'well-~eaning litigants eye-ball to eye- ball across counsel table, the City wonderlng whether its ordin2nce 3 has been preeGP~ed or whe~her it ca~ enforce its own collective will over firearms, others wondering whether they are going to be illegally prosecuted by the City come next dove hunting season, and the Florida Attorney General wondering whether the judiciary will agree with his opinion on municipal regulation of firearms (AGO 2000-42). In light of these doubts and confrontations and in the liberal spirit of the Declaratory Judgment Act, we hold that this action is not premature and that the trial court erred in entering its final summary judgment for the City. We also hold that the City's ordinance no. 14-00-1716 is null and void as it is in conflict with section 790.33, Florida Statutes. We remand this case to the ~riaJ. court for fu:::-ther proceedings consistent herewith. Reversed and remanded.