Res. No. 050-01-11198RESOLUTION NO.50-01-11198
A RESOLUTION OF THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION
OF THE CITY OF SOUTH MIAMI,FLORIDA,RELATING TO
RADIATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH;SUPPORTING THE
BABY TEETH STUDY -"TOOTH FAIRY PROJECT;"
PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
WHEREAS,TheRadiationandPublicHealth Project's (RPHP)Baby
TeethStudyisthefirsttomeasure radioactivity inthebodies of Americansliving
near nuclear reactors;and
WHEREAS,It will also help determine whetherthis radioactivity raisesthe
risk of cancer in children and adults;and
WHEREAS,TheBabyTeethStudymeasureslevels of radioactive
Strontium-90(Sr-90),acancercausingchemicalreleasedbynuclearreactors;and
WHEREAS,Sr-90issimilartocalcium,andthebodydepositsitinthe
bones and teeth;and
WHEREAS,Duringpregnancy,Sr-90istransferredfromthemothertothe
fetusandendsupinthe baby's teethandbonesatbirth;and
WHEREAS,TheToothFairyStudywouldprovide critical dataonlevels of
in-body radioactivity,which willallowresearchersto better understand thelink
betweenenvironmentalradiationandcancer,especiallyinyoungpersons;and
WHEREAS,TheProjectisespeciallyimportantin Southeastern Florida,
whichhasthe highest levels of Sr-90inbabyteeth of anyU.S.areaanalyzedto
dateandaboveaveragechildhoodcancerrates;and
WHEREAS,In 1983-84,whenTurkeyPointreactorsweremostlyclosed
forrepairs,infant deathsinBrowardandMiami-DadeCountiesfell19.1%,
comparedtoonly6.4%intheU.S.ThefollowingtwoyearswhenTurkeyPoint
returnedto full power,thelocalinfantdeathraterose1.2%.In1983-84,thefirst
twoyearsthat the St.Lucie2reactoroperated,infantdeathsinSt.LucieCounty
rose 35.3%;and
WHEREAS,Information on the radiation-cancer link should be considered
intheU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommission's environmental review of utility
Additionsshownbyunderlininganddeletionsshownbyovorstriking.
applicationstorenewandextendthelicenseofagingnuclearpowerplantsin
Florida and across the United States
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED BY THE MAYOR AND CITY
COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF SOUTH MIAMI,FLORIDA;
Section1.ThattheCitysupportstheBabyTeethStudyandthe"Tooth
Fairy Project."
Section 2.TheCityClerkisdirectedtoprovideacopyofthisresolution
toMiami-DadeCountymunicipalities,DadeLeagueofCities,U.S.Nuclear
RegulatoryCommission'sandthe Resource Director of RFHP-ToothFairy
Project.
Section 3.This resolution shalltakeeffect immediately uponapproval.
PASSEDANDADOPTEDthis _17th dayofApril,2001.
ATTEST:APPROVED:
MAYOCITYCLERK
READ AND APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Commission Vote:
MayorRobaina:
Vice Mayor Feliu:
Commissioner Wiscombe:
Commissioner Bethel:
Commissioner Russell:
•Jk,
OW ATTORNEY,W£%^
Page2 of2
Resolution No.50-01-11193
^^
5-0
Yea
Yea
Yea
Yea
Yea
Excellence,Integrity,Inclusion
MEMORANDUM
To:HonorableMayor,ViceMayorDate:April17,2001
andCityCommission /O
From:Charles Scurr/JJ U jCt4"^Re:Agenda Item
City Manage/I\£/M*Support of Baby Teeth Study-"Tooth Fairy
[y Project"
REQUEST
A RESOLUTION OF THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY
OF SOUTH MIAMI,FLORIDA,RELATING TO RADIATION AND PUBLIC
HEALTH;SUPPORTING THE BABY TEETH STUDY -"TOOTH FAIRY
PROJECT;"PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
J ^
BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS
TheattachedresolutionsponsoredbyMayorRobainasupporttheBabyTeethStudy-"Tooth
Fairy Project."Thisprojectis especially importantinSoutheastern Florida,whichhasthehighest
levels of Sr-90inbabyteeth of anyU.S.area analyzed todateandaboveaveragechildhood
cancer rates.
TheBabyTeethStudymeasures levels of radioactive Strontium-90(Sr-90),a cancer-causing
chemicalreleasedbynuclearreactors.
The information onthe radiation-cancer link should be considered intheU.S.Nuclear Regulatory
Commission's environmental review of utility applications torenewandextendthe license of
agingnuclear power plantsinFloridaandacrosstheUnitedStates.
RECOMMENDATION
Approval is recommended.
Radiation and Public Health Project
302 W.86th St.,Apt.1IB,New York,NY 10024
Ph:(212)496-6787Fax:(212)362-0348
wvw.radiation.org
STRONTIUM-90 AND HUMAN HEALTH
The present findings of Strontium-90 inSuffolkCounty,Long Island,anarea
surrounded bynuclearplants,showsthatasinglepicocuriepergramcalciuminbaby
teeth is associated with nearly a doubled risk of childhood cancer.
Strontium-90 is considered tobethemost hazardous bone-seeking element
createdinthefission of uraniumor plutonium because of itslong half life of 28yearsand
because it resembles calcium soclosely.Bymasqueradingas calcium neededtoform
boneandteeth,itis readily takenupand concentrated inthe skeleton.Ina pregnant
woman,Strontium-90 is transported withcalciumintothe rapidly dividing cells of the
embryo andfetus,where itcan either killor mutate by the emission of a high-energy
electron or beta particle.When Strontium-90 lodges near the bone marrow where stem-
cellsformbloodandimmunesystemcells,thereisanincreasedrisk of leukemiaand
other forms of cancer.
In early developmental stages when cells rapidly reproduce,damage to genes is
notefficientlyrepaired,sothat if thecellsurvivesadefectis multiplied witheach
division of thecell.Thuscellulardamagecanleadtoa greater risk of leukemia orcancer
inthenewbornthaninthemother,typicallybyanywherefromtentohundredtimesas
great,depending onthe stage of development.Moreover,many studies have shown that
thereisalsoanincreasedrisk of prematurebirth,low birthweight and birth defects.
Additionaldamageisknowntoinvolvethedevelopingimmune,hormonalandcentral
nervous systems and may not become apparent untilmany years later.
As Strontium-90 decays italso transforms intothe radioactive element Yttrium-
90,whichhasdifferentchemicalpropertiesandconcentratesinthehormoneproducing
soft-tissueglandularorganssuchasthepituitarygland,thepancreasandthemaleand
female reproductive organs.Thuskeyhormonessuchas estrogen andtestosteronecanbe
affectedbothduringearlydevelopmentandlaterinlife,whentheyplayamajorrolein
breastandprostatecancer,aswellasinfertilityandprematurebirths.
Asidefromthedirectbiologicaleffects,Strontium-90isa marker of other shorter-
livedfissionproductsthatdonotrisehighintotheatmospherebutcancomedownas
fallout withinamatter of hours.When elements suchas Iodine-131,withan eight-day
half-life,areintroducedintothehuman environment,theycanproducemanytimesthe
radiationdose of Strontium-90-asevidencedduringA-bombtestinginNevada.
-30 -
RadiationandPublicHealthProject
302 W.86,h St.,Apt.1IB,New York,NY 10024
Ph:(212)496-6787Fax:(212)362-0348
www.radiation.org
THE BABY TEETH STUDY-"TOOTH FAIRY PROJECT"
In February 1999,actor Alec Baldwin sent .a letter to 15,000 families in New York and
New Jersey,asking them to donate their children's teeth to the Radiation and Public
Health Project's (RPHP)"Tooth Fairy Project,"a scientific study ofAmericans'exposure
to radioactivity.Today,RPHP is presenting the initial findings of the Baby Teeth Study,
which has documented high levels of cancer-causing radioactive material in children's
baby teeth.
Why Study Baby Teeth?The chemical structure of radioactive Strontium (called Sr-
90)is similar to calcium.When ingested bya pregnant woman,some Sr-90 is transferred
to the bones of the fetus and can be measured in the baby teeth the child loses between
the ages of 5 and 12.Once in the body,Sr-90 continually irradiates bone and blood cells,
which can cause cancer.
The Federal Government no longer measures Sr-90 uptake in the body.As a result,the
Radiation and Public Health Project (RPHP)has launched its own national study of the
levels ofSr-90 in baby teeth.This study will gather the clinical evidence necessary to
determine whether nuclear reactors and federal laboratories are affecting our public
health and contributing to America's cancer epidemic.
Why focus on Strontium-90?Sr-90 is a known carcinogen that did not exist on Earth
prior to 1945,the dawn of the Nuclear Age.From 1954 to 1963,during atmospheric
nuclear testing,the amount of Sr-90 found in human bones rose rapidly,according to
official federal measurements of New York City adult cadavers.During the same period
dental associations mobilized by Dr.Barry Commoner in St.Louis collected thousands of
baby teeth,which also showed an alarming rise in Sr-90 levels.
In 1963,President Kennedy terminated all aboveground testing of nuclear weapons by
signing the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with the former Soviet Union.To speed ratification
of the Test Ban,the White House asked Dr.Ernest Sternglass,now emeritus professor of
radiological physics at the University of Pittsburgh Medical School,to testify before a
congressional committee on the effects of low level radiation in inducing childhood
cancer.
After the termination of aboveground testing,the amount of Sr-90 found in baby teeth
declined rapidly.He-ver,1970 was the last year in which baby teeth were tested and
the government stoppe publishing adult Sr-90 levels in 1982.Thus,it is fitting that Drs.
Jay Gould and Ernest Sternglass are now co-directing a second,national investigation of
Sr-90 levels.The goal ofthe RPHP is to analyze at least 5,000 baby teeth.
RADIATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH PROJECT
The Baby Teeth Study -"Tooth Fairy Project"
The Radiation and PublicHealth Project's (RPHP)Baby Teeth Study isthefirstto
measureradioactivityinthebodies of Americanslivingnearnuclearreactors.Itwillalso
help determine whetherthis radioactivity raises theriskofcancerinchildrenand adults.
Thestudygrewout of JayM.Gould'sbook,The Enemy Within:The HighCost ofLiving
Near Nuclear Reactors,which found that women living within 100 miles of nuclear
reactorsareat greatest risk of dying of breastcancer.Toorder,call 800-626-4848.
An earlier study showed that radioactivity in baby teeth rose rapidly dueto fallout
from atomic bomb tests above the Nevada desert in the 1950s and 1960s,a time
when childhood cancer rates were alsorising.Thisinformationwas instrumental in
the 1963 ban of abovegroundbombtestsbytheUnitedStatesandSovietUnion.The
federal governmentwithdrew funding forthestudyin 1970,andnolongercollects
information onhow much radioactivity isenteringourbodies.
The Baby Teeth Study measures levels of radioactive Strontium-90 (Sr-90),a
cancer-causingchemicalreleasedbynuclearreactors.Sr-90issimilartocalcium,and
thebodydepositsitinthebonesand teeth.During pregnancy,Sr-90istransferredfrom
themothertothefetusandendsupinthebaby'steethandbonesatbirth.
Pleasehelpusby sending RPHPoneormore of your child's baby teeth inthe
envelopedesignedforthe study.Answerthequestionsontheenvelope;wrapthetooth
intissuepaper;placeitinsidethe envelope;foldandsealtheenvelope;place34cents
postageontheenvelope;andmailittoRPHP.
For more envelopes,call800-582-3716tollfree.Leave your name,address,and
phone-andthe number of envelopesneeded-onthe answering machine.We will
mail them to you.YoucanalsousetheRPHPwebsiteat www.radiation.org toprintout
thebabyteeth questionnaire andmailinginstructions.ONLYONECHILD'STEETH
PER ENVELOPE,PLEASE.
For this study to be statistically significant,we need at least 5,000 teeth from all
parts of the country.Sopleasehelpbypassingthisflyerontoyourfriends.Everytooth
isaclue!Answers to questions aboutradiation,publichealth,andthestudyareonthe
other side of thisflyer.
For more information about the Baby Teeth Study,or to help collect teeth,contact:
"•/^Julie Brown,Resource Director,RPHP -Tooth Fairy Project
Ph:(305)531-1445;Fax:(305)532-8829;Email:jht
The Radiation and Public Health Project isa nonprofit educational and research organization.
What Is Strontium-90 (Sr-90)?
TheBabyTeethStudy measures levels of radioactive Strontium-90 (Sr-90),a
deadly substance produced only by atomic bombs and nuclear reactors,that isin the
baby teeth atthe time of birth.Sr-90 is chemically similar to calcium.The body gets
fooled and deposits Sr-90 in the bones and teeth where it remains,continually emitting
cancer-causing radiation.
AreTiny Amounts Of Sr-90 Dangerous ToHuman Health?
Ourinitialresearchfoundthat,when Sr-90inbabyteethincreasedslightly,
childhood cancer also increased.
What Else Has The Study Found?
As of January 2001,we have collected over 2400 baby teeth.We found that Sr-
90 levels for today's children are equal to those born in the late 1950s,when the United
States andSovietUnionwere routinely testing nuclear weapons inthe atmosphere.Our
results have been published in three peer-reviewed scientific journals.
CanTheSr-90InBabyTeethBeFromPastAtomicBombTests?
Very little of the Sr-90 in children is decaying fallout from old bomb tests;most is
recentemissionsfromnuclearreactors.Afterabovegroundlarge-scalebombtestsbythe
U.S.andUSSRendedin1963,Sr-90levelsinbabyteethdeclined-butthedecline
stopped after 1980,mainly dueto reactor emissions.
Will IGet The Results Of The Study?Will IGetMy Tooth Back?
The laboratory must grind each tooth into a powder,sowe cannot return thetooth
to you.RPHP cannot report individual Sr-90 results to people sending teeth,but will
report average Sr-90 levels by zip code.All individual questionnaire data and results are
confidential.
HowCanI Protect Myself From Radiation In The Environment?
WhileSr-90inbabyteethmayraisecancerrisk,itdoesnot guarantee illness.It
may be possible to reduce risk through eating a proper diet;taking antioxidants and
calcium supplements;drinking waterfrom distilled or reverse osmosis sources;andother
healthy lifestyle practices.For individual health questions,please consult a physician.
How Many Teeth Are Needed And From Where?From What Years?
Weneedatleast5,000teethfromallparts of theU.S.Althoughweacceptbaby
teethsavedbyadultsandchildren,mostdonationstothestudyarefromchildrenage6-
12,when baby teeth fallout.
How Can I Make A Contribution To The "Tooth Fairy Project"?
The Radiation andPublic Health Project(RPHP)isanon-profit,501(c)(3)
organization.All contributions aretax deductible andwillbeusedonlyforthe collection
andtesting of teeth.Pleasemakecheckspayableto"RPHP,"andmailto:Julie Brown,
RPHP,1630 West 22nd Street,Miami Beach,Florida 33140.
The Radiation andPublicHealthProjectisa nonprofit educationalandresearch organization.
Radiation and Public Health Project
1630 W.22nd Street,Miami Beach,Florida 33140
Ph:(305)531-1445 -Fax:(305)532-8829
e-mail:ibbrown@gate.net
www.radiation.org
Babv Teeth Study -Information Form
Yes!I would liketosupportthe "Tooth Fairy
Project"andwanttohelpcollect baby teeth.
{Pleaseprint contact information clearly.)
Name:
Organization (if any):
Address:
City/State/Zip:
Home Phone:_
Work Phone:_
Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
Comments:
I would like to help collect baby teeth.
I would like to make a tax-deductible contribution.
(Pleasemailacheck,payableto "RPHP,"alongwiththisformto:
JerryBrown,NationalCoordinator,attheRPHPaddressshownabove.)
For additional baby teeth envelopes and teeth mailing instructions,
pleasecalltheRadiationandPublicHealthProjecttollfreeat:
1-800 -582-3716;visit our web site at:www.radiation.org;
or contact Julie Brown at (305)531-1445-email:jbbrown@gate.net
The Baby Teeth Study isa scientific study sponsored bythe Radiation and Public Health Project,Inc.,a
not-for-profit educational and research organization.The study is being conducted under the supervision of
RPHPdirectors,Dr.JayM.GouldandDr.ErnestJ.Sternglass.
(Place staple ortapehereto seal)
Radiation and Public Health Project
1630W.22nd Street
Miami Beach,Florida 33140
(Pleasefold here)
TO:JulieandJerry Brown
"ToothFairy Project"
1630W.22nd Street
Miami Beach,Florida 33140
(Please fold here)
(Place staple ortapeheretoseal)
Please
place
stamp
here.
Thank you.
Selected Quotations from
Jay M.Gould
The Enemy Within:The High Cost of Living NearNuclearReactors
-BreastCancer,AIDS,Low Birthweights,and Other Radiation-Induced
Immune Deficiency Effects(New York:FourWallsEight Windows,1996)
We know fromtheChernobylaccidentthat radiation clouds cantravelthousands of miles to
come down in the rain,contaminating local food and water-exactly as predicted by Rachel
Carson.Over long periods of timethe contamination mightbereflectedintheform of
statistically significant increases in cancer mortality,butthere are also other tar more immediate
indicators of the biological harm done by radiation (p.11).
In the 50 years since 1945,when the Nuclear Age began with the first atomic bomb explosion,
over1.5 million American women havedied of breastcancer.The incidence of breastcancer
has risen almost three-fold in this period in some areas.Wewill show thatthe major overlooked
causeisman-madeionizing radiation—either from low level internal radiationduetonuclear
fallout or from external sources of unnecessary overexposure toX rays,exacerbated by the
intense interaction of nuclear fallout with chemical pollutants.
Low-level nuclear radiation (unlike natural sources of ionizing radiation)harms our immune
defenses against cancer that results from ingesting fission products like bone-seeking radioactive
strontium—which did notexistin nature prior to 1943.As Rachel Carson foresaw in Silent
Spring,strontium 90 isa "sinister partner"interacting with industrial chemicals and air pollution
to accelerate the process of human carcinogenesis (p.16).
This book validates Carson's prediction by using official data compiled by the National Cancer
Institute since 1950 to show that of the 3,000-odd counties in the United States,women living
in about 1,300 "nuclear counties"Qocated within 100 miles ofa reactor)are at the greatest risk
of dying of breast cancer (p.16).
This book demonstrates that,based on official breast cancer mortality data for every county in
the nation,women living near nuclear reactors-because of past and present exposure to such
ionizing radiation-are at the highest risk of dying of breast cancer,no matter how proximity to
reactors isdefined(p.17).
For the large urban and suburban counties with the largest concentration of population,reactor
emissions can be shown to have an exacerbating effect on women who have already suffered
heavily from exposure to other environmental causes of the breast cancer epidemic,including a
100-year build-up of industrial chemical pollutants,a 50-year exposure to fallout from the
manufacturing and testing of nuclear bombs,and theoften unnecessary overexposure toX ravs
(P-19).^
FalloutandBreastCancer187
FIGURE8-11HIGHRISKCOUNTIES
WITHIN100MILESOFNUCLEARREACTORS
Nearlyhalfofthenation's3,000-oddcountiescanbedefinedas"nuclear"
countiesbecausetheyarelocatedwithin100milesofreactorsites.Theyhad
morethantwo-thirdsofallbreastcancerdeathsin1985-89andacombined
age-adjustedbreastcancermortalityrate(about26deathsper100.000
women)thatissignificantlyhigherthanthatofallremainingcounties(about
22deathsper100.000).
The"nuclear"countiesathighestrisk,depictedinthismapwiththedarker
shading,aremainlyintheNortheastwherethemortalityrateof28deaths
per100,000(withratesashighas32deathsper100.000intheNewYork
Suburbancounties)isassociatedwiththegreatestconcentrationofreactors.
"Nuclear"countiesintheGreatLakesandPacificstatesalsohavecombined
mortalityratessignificantlyhigherthantheU.S.rateof24.6deaths.
"Nuclear"countiesinthesouthernstates,alongwiththosesurroundingthe
DOEreactorsatHanfordandthenational.laboratoriesinIdahoandNew
Mexico,aredepictedwithlightershadingandhavehadsignificantlygreater
increasessince1950thantheUnitedStatesasawhole.
Thenonnuclearcounties—includingthosesurroundingthefivereactorsites
thatdisplayednosignificantdivergencefromnationalnorms—carrynoshad
ingandareseentofallmainlybetweentheRockyMountainsandthe
MississippiRiver.
'
EXEUCTIVE SUMMARY
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION FROM
NUCLEAR REACTORS
AND INCREASING CHILDREN'S CANCER
IN SOUTHEASTERN FLORIDA
A SPECIAL REPORT ON THE FLORIDA BABY TOOTH STUDY
By
The Radiation and Public Health Project
Miami,Florida
March 28,2001
RPHP Research Associates
JayM.Gould,Ph.D.,Director
Ernest J.Sternglass,Ph.D.,Chief Scientist
Jerry Brown,Ph.D.Hr*
JosephMangano,MPH,MBA
William McDonnell,MA
Marsha Marks,ACSW,LCSW
Janette Sherman,MD
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Operations at the four nuclear reactors in southeastern Florida (Turkey Point 3 and 4,and
St.Lucie 1 and 2)have added considerable radioactivity tothe local environment,raising
concerns of whetherlocalresidentshavebeenharmed.TheRadiationandPublic Health
Project (RPHP)research group has investigated this issue,and has documented facts that
suggest such harm is occurring.A number of these findings have been published in peer-
reviewed medical journals.
Radioactivity-Emissions,EnvironmentalLevels,In-bodv Levels
-From 1970-87,Turkey Point and St.Lucie emitted 10.39 trillion picocuries of
radioactivityintotheair.
-From 1985 to 1995,the level of radioactive chemicals in Miami precipitation
remained constant,suggesting that a current source of emissions (nuclear power
reactors)was supplementing and offsetting the decay of fallout from old atomic bomb
tests.
-Similarly,concentrations of radioactive Strontium-90 in 86 Dade County baby teeth
tested by RPHP have been rising since the early 1980s.The current level is equal to
thatinthe late 1950s,whentheU.S.and theSoviet Union conducted large-scale
nuclearweaponstestsinthe atmosphere.
-Dade County and other southeastern Florida baby teeth have the highest levels of
radioactive Strontium-90,aknown carcinogen,than anywhere intheU.S.where baby
teethhavebeenstudied.In addition,the area alsohasa rate of childhoodcancerthat
isconsiderably higher thantheU.S.average.
Health Effects
-Sincethe 1950s,breast cancer mortality rose significantly inthecounties near the
Turkey Point and St.Lucie reactors (up 26%near Turkey Point,up 55%near St.
Lucie,comparedtoa1%U.S.increase).
-From the early 1980s tothe early 1990s,cancer incidence in children under 10 rose
35.2%in five southeastern Florida counties,compared toa 10.8%riseintheU.S.
Children are especially sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of radioactivity.
-These five southeastern Florida counties are:Broward,Dade,Martin,PalmBeach,
and St.Lucie.
-Inthesameperiod,fromtheearly1980stotheearly1990s,an enormous 325.3%
increaseinchildhoodcancertookplaceinSt.LucieCounty,increasingthecurrent
rate in this areato more than double thenationalaverage.
-Inthe1990s,thecancerdeathrateinyoungadultsage15-34inthese five
southeastern Florida counties hasrisen,incontrasttoa decline in the U.S.Increases
were particularly large for breast cancer andboneandblood cancers,eachespecially
sensitive to radioactivity.
-In Dade County,childhood cancer rises after radioactivity levelsin precipitation rise,
and declines afterlevels drop.Thisis strong evidence thatexposureto radioactivity
is one cause of childhood cancer in southeastern Florida.
Opening and Closing Reactors
-In 1983-84,whenthe Turkey Point reactors were mostly closed for repairs,infant
deathsinBrowardandDadeCountiesfell 19.1%,comparedto only 6.4%intheU.S.
The following two years,when Turkey Point returned to full power,the local infant
death rate rose 1.2%.
-In 1983-84,the first two years thattheSt.Lucie2 reactor operated,infant deaths in
St.Lucie County rose 35.3%.
-These findings are consistent withthe large declines in infant deaths near eightoutof
eightU.S.reactors thatclosedsince1987.
Recommendations
-The recent evidence suggesting that radioactive chemicals emitted from Turkey Point
andSt.Lucieareonecause of rising cancer rates in southeastern Florida issignificant
and merits more detailed study.
-The Tooth Fairy Project will provide critical data onlevels of in-body radioactivity,
which will allow researchers to better understand the link between environmental
radiation and cancer,especiallyinyoung persons.The Project isespecially important
insoutheastern Florida,which hasthehighestlevels of Sr-90inbabyteeth of any
U.S.area analyzedtodateand above-average childhood cancer rates.
-Informationontheradiation-cancerlinkshouldbeconsideredinfederalpolicies
regulating the operation of nuclear reactors,in southeastern Florida and across the
U.S.
-Information on the radiation-cancer link should be considered in the U.S.Nuclear
Regulatory Commission's environmental review of utility applications to renew and
extendthelicenses of aging nuclear power plants in Florida and across theU.S.
Appendix 1
Results of Baby Tooth Study -Dade County
Average Sr-90
Zip Code Number of Teeth+Concentration*
33012 2 0.53
33013 2 3.27
33016 2 1.49
33101 14 2.08
33138 2 4.30
33139 2 3.41
33140 6 1.59
33154 7 0.93
33155 2 0.53
33156 3 2.81
33160 13 3.18
33161 4 1.04
33165 4 2.66
33169 2 2.18
33176 3 3.02
33177 2 1.04
33186 3 1.28
OtherDade zip codes 13 2.60
Total Dade 86 2.21
Other Florida 35 1.79
Total U.S.(mostly 1352 1.53
NY,NJ,CA,FL)
St.Louis 1949-1950 (before Nevada
bomb tests andnuclear power reactors)
St.Louis 1956 (during regularnuclear
weaponstestsbyUSand USSR)
St.Louis 1964 (peak of Nevada bomb
tests,before nuclear reactors)
+personsbornafter 1979
*picocuries of Strontium-90 per gram of calcium
Source:Radiation andPublicHealthProject
0.20
1.57
11.03
4
Figures
Figure 1-Sr-90 in Children 1949-94
RPHPTeeth 1980-94 Miami-DadeCounty
St.LouisandRPHPbabyteethstudyresults
Figure2-Sr-90in Baby Teeth vs.Cancer 0-4
Suffolk CountyNY,1982-1991
Figure3-Miami-DadeCountyBetaandCancer0-4Years
3YearMovingAverages,3YearLag
100 -=
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SR-90 IN CHILDREN 1949-94
RPHP TEETH 1980-94 DADE COUNTY
"SB30 IN STIoliis SHiCdREN
Fig1
RPHP
Highest
-average
0.01
1949 1953 1957 1961 1965196919731977 1981 19851989 1993
1951 195519591963 1967 1971 197519791983 1987 1991
o
O
O
0)
I
o
o
Fig.2.Sr-90 in Baby Teeth vs.Cancer 0-4
Suffolk County,NY,1982-1991
FourYearLag (Sr-90 »1982-91,Cancer =1986-95)
Sr-90 in Baby Teeth ~°-Cancer Cases 0-4/100,000 Pop,
Source:RadiationandPublic Health Project.Basedon488
baby teeth,persons born 1981-92,and 262 cancer cases 9-4
diagnosed 1985-96.Uses threeyearmoving averages
§
1984
DADE CTY BETA AND CANCER 0-4 YEARS
3 YEAR MOVING AVERAGES,3 YEAR LAG
1986 1988 1990 1992
BETA ACTIVITY CANCER CASES 0-4
Fig3
1994