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Ord. No. 21-07-1922ORDINANCE NO. 21-07-1922 AN ORDINANCE OF THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF SOUTH MIAMI, FLORIDA, RELATING TO AMENDING SECTION SA OF THE CITY'S CODE OF ORDINANCES ENTITLED "CODE OF ETHICS" TO INCLUDE A NEW SECTION 8A -2, WHICH SECTION SHALL BE ENTITLED: "CODE OF CONDUCT FOR ALL PUBLIC OFFICIALS "; PROVIDING FOR SEVERABILITY, ORDINANCES IN CONFLICT, AND AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, the Mayor and City Commission of the City of South Miami desire to maintain the highest moral and ethical standards amongst its elected and appointed officials and employees; and WHEREAS, the city desires to maintain the confidence of the public because such confidence is essential to the conduct of free government; and WHEREAS, elected and appointed officials are the agents of the people and hold their positions for the benefit of the citizens of South Miami and the South Florida community; and WHEREAS, the proper operation of democratic government requires public officials and employees that they be independent and impartial when establishing policy and that their positions never be used for personal gain; and WHEREAS, the city has adopted its ethics code which is based upon the state ethics requirements of chapter 112, Florida Statues and the Miami -Dade County code of ethics found at section 2 -11.1; and WHEREAS, the current ethics code relates predominantly to economic or personal gain and a code of ethical conduct is necessary for the guidance of public officials; and WHEREAS, the city seeks to provide further direction to the public officials and employees relating to the city's code of conduct which provide ethical standards for all public officials; and WHEREAS, the Mayor and City Commission desire to amend the city's ethics code to provide additional direction to board members relating to a proper code of conduct in order to ensure the proper operation of democratic government. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF SOUTH MIAMI, FLORIDA: Section 1. Chapter 8A of the City Code is amended as follows: Sec. 8A -1. Conflict of interest and code of ethics ordinance. Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by ; �°�g. Page 1 of 13 Ord. No. 21 -07 -1922 Sec. 8A -2. Code of conduct for all elected officials and board members. (a) Declaration of policy. High moral and ethical standards among public officials, both elected and appointed, and public employees are essential to gain and maintain the confidence of the public because such confidence is essential to the conduct of free government. They are the agents of the people and hold their positions for the benefit of the people. The proper operation of democratic government requires that public officials be independent and impartial when establishing policy and that their positions never be used for personal gain. All elected and appointed officials, City employees, and others who participate in the City's government are required to subscribe to Chapter 8A of the city code entitled Code of Ethics and the Conflict of Interest and Code of Ethics Ordinance codified at Section 2 -11.1 of the code of Miami -Dade County. All elected and appointed officials, City employees, and others who participate in the City's government are required to understand how those ordinances apply to their specific responsibilities. All elected and appointed officials shall receive a copy of this ordinance and certify to the city clerk that they will subscribe to the standards delineated in the code when carrying out their responsibilities. (b) Definitions. Below is a list of terms with their associated meanings. The following terms shall for purposes of interpreting this Code of Conduct shall have the meanings indicated below. Attitude: The manner in which one shows one's dispositions, opinions, and feelings. Behavior: External appearance or action; manner of behaving; carriage of oneself. Civility: Politeness, consideration, courtesy. Conduct: The way one acts; personal behavior. Courtesy: Politeness connected with kindness. Decorum: Suitable; proper; good taste in behavior. Grandstanding: Utilizing public meeting time ostentatiously and hampering the efficient conduct of business. Manners: A way of acting; a style, method, or form; the way in which thing are done. Point of order: An interruption of a meeting to question whether rules or bylaws are being broken, such as the speaker has strayed from the motion currently under consideration. Point of personal privilege: A challenge to a speaker to defend or apologize for comments that a fellow member considers offensive. Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by Page 2 of 13 Ord. No. 21 -07 -1922 Propriety: Conforming to acceptable standards of behavior. Protocol: The courtesies that are established as proper and correct. Public Disruption: behavior that disrupts the proceedings in a manner obviously hostile to the purpose of the meeting. Public Official. Shall mean any appointed or elected official and specifically includes but is not limited to the Mayor and City Commission, ERPB board members, Planning and Zoning Board Members; Historic Preservation Board Members, Pension Board Members, Parking Board Members and Budget and Finance Committee Members. (c) Minimum Standards. This Code of Conduct is designed to address the manner in which public officials should treat one another, city staff, constituents, and others they come into contact with in representing the City of South Miami. Public officials are called upon to exhibit appropriate behavior at all times. Demonstrating respect for each individual through words and actions is the touchstone that can help guide public officials to take appropriate actions even the most difficult situations. The city's Code of Conduct includes the following minimum standards: 1. Uphold the United States and Florida Constitutions, laws and regulations and the City of South Miami's Charter, ordinances and regulations, and never knowingly be a party to their evasion. 2. Place the City's rules, codes and interests ahead of any group or individual interests or concerns. No public official shall put individual concerns or interests before that of the city and the city's code of ordinances, before, during or after making a recommendation or a decision on a pending application. 3. Seek to find and use the most equitable, efficient, effective and economical means for getting tasks accomplished, and not unnecessarily burdening staff with time consuming, unnecessary or frivolous requests related to a personal concerns or individual points of view. 4. Adopt policies (and programs, as applicable) that support the rights and recognize the needs of all citizens regardless of race, sex, sexual orientation, age, religion, creed, country of origin or disability_ Avoid adopting policies (or supporting programs) or engaging in activities that discriminate against or offend individuals because of race, sex, sexual orientation, age, religion, creed, country of origin or disability. 5. Ensure the integrity of the actions of each board or the City Commission by avoiding discrimination through the dispensing of special favors, or unfair privileges to anyone, whether for remuneration or not. Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by Page 3 of 13 Ord. No. 21-07-1922 6. Make no private promises of any kind binding upon the duties or any office, since a public official is a public servant, and should have no private work which can be binding on public duty. 7. Do not take public positions or engage in any activity that advocates or supports a an applicant, group, organization, business or position on any matter or issue that will come before your respective board or committee. No appointed public official shall advocate, lobby, or take any action involving the community or the city commission on an item that has been considered or is to be heard by that appointed public official's board or committee. The appointed board or committee, as a whole, shall issue a recommendation in its official capacity to the city commission. The individual appointed board or committee members shall not advocate to the public, or appear before the city commission on an item upon which their respective board or committee will consider or has considered, as doing so would provide an appearance of undue influence, bias and improper conduct. An appointed public official may only appear before the city commission on matters considered or to be considered by their respective board or committee if specifically invited by the commission to do so. Appointed public officials may, however, appear before the City Commission on all other city business. 8. Never use any information gained confidentially in the performance of governmental duties as a means of making private profit. 9. Expose through appropriate means and channels, corruption, misconduct or neglect of duty whenever discovered. 10. Adhere to the principle that the public's business should be conducted in the Sunshine and following the letter and spirit of the Sunshine law by using closed meetings only to deal with certain legal and labor matters as provided under Florida law. 11. Avoid using a position of public trust to gain access to the media or the dais for the purposes of criticizing colleagues, other public officials, citizens or staff, impugning their integrity or vilifying their personal beliefs. 12. Make sure, when responding to the media, or to public comments, that a clear distinction is made between personal opinion or belief and a decision made by the applicable board, committee or City Commission. 13. Pledge to honor and uphold these principles, ever conscious that public office (whether appointed or elected) is a public trust. (d) City Meetings 1. The Mayor will chair official meetings of the City Commission, unless the Vice - Mayor, or another Commissioner is designated as Chair of a specific meeting. The Chair maintains order, decorum, and the fair and equitable treatment of all speakers; Keeps discussion and questions focused on specific agenda item under consideration; and makes parliamentary Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by e�vef g. Page 4 of 13 Ord. No. 21 -07 -1922 rulings with advice, if requested, from the City Attorney who acts as an advisory parliamentarian. Chair rulings may be overturned if a Commissioner makes a motion as an individual and the majority of the Commission votes to overrule the Chair. This rules of decorum supplement and enhance the city's meeting procedures ordinance found at chapter 2, of the city's code of ordinances. 2. Board and Committee Meetings The board or committee chairman will chair official meetings of their respective board or committee, unless the Vice -Chair or, another Member is designated as Chair of a specific meeting. The meeting Chair maintains order, decorum, and the fair and equitable treatment of all speakers; keeps discussion and questions focused on the specific agenda item under consideration; and makes parliamentary rulings with advice, if requested, from the Board Attorney (where applicable) who acts as an advisory parliamentarian. Chair rulings may be overturned if a Member makes a motion as an individual and the majority of the Board votes to overrule the Chair. (e) Rules of Decorum (1) All Public Officials shall practice civility and decorum in discussions and debate. Difficult questions, tough challenges to a particular point of view, and criticism of ideas and information are legitimate elements of a free democracy in action. This does not allow, however, Public Officials to make belligerent, personal, impertinent, slanderous, threatening, abusive, or disparaging comments. No shouting or physical actions that could be construed as threatening will be tolerated. (2) All Public Officials shall honor the role of the Chair in maintaining order. It is the responsibility of the Chair to keep the comments of commissioners or board members on track during public meetings. Public Officials shall honor efforts by the Chair to focus discussion on current agenda items and to halt non - productive grandstanding. If there is disagreement about the agenda or the Chair's actions, those objections shall be voiced politely and with reason, following procedures outlined in parliamentary procedure. (3) Avoid personal comments that could offend other persons. If an individual member of the Commission, board or committee is personally offended by the remarks of another member the offended Public Officials shall make notes of the actual words used and call for a "point of personal privilege" that challenges the offending member to justify or apologize for the language used. The Chair will maintain control of this discussion. (4) Demonstrate effective problem- solving approaches: The City Commission and each public board and committee has a public stage to show how individuals with disparate points of view can find common ground and seek a compromise that benefits the community as a whole. Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by evef b Page 5of13 Ord. No. 21 -07 -1922 (5) Public Officials should refer to one another formally during public meetings by their official titles followed by the individual's last name. 6 Public officials must be present for all votes once a ublic meeting has formally commenced unless the official announces a conflict of interest on a specific matter under consideration and will therefore be excused from the proceeding while that matter is under consideration or the public official makes a motion to be excused from the mectina and the motion is approved by a majority vote of the Commission board or committee. (f) Public Meeting and Hearing Protocol: (1) After the report and staff recommendation is made, the applicant or appellant shall have the right to speak first. The Chair will determine the length of time allowed for this presentation. Speakers representing either pro or con points of view will be allowed to follow. The Chair will determine how much time will be allowed for each speaker, with 3 to 5 minutes the standard time granted. The applicant or appellant will be allowed to make closing comments. The Chair has the responsibility to run an efficient public meeting and has the discretion to modify the public hearing process in order to make the meeting run smoothly. (2) Public Officials should not express opinions during the public hearing portion of the meeting except to ask pertinent questions of the speaker or staff. "I think" and "I feel" comments by Public Officials are not appropriate until after the close of the public hearing. Public Officials should refrain from arguing or debating with the public during a public hearing and shall always show respect for different points of view. Public Officials should avoid during public meetings and during the performance of public duties the use of abusive, threatening or intimidating language or gestures directed at colleagues, other public officials, citizens or personnel. (3) Only the Chair— not individual commissioners, board or committee members -- can interrupt a speaker during a presentation. However, a commissioner, board or committee member can ask the Chair for a point of order if the speaker is off the topic or exhibiting behavior or language the commissioner or member finds disturbing. If speakers become flustered or defensive by a question or comment, it is the responsibility of the Chair to calm and focus the speaker and to maintain order and decorum of the meeting. Questions by Public Officials to members of the public testifying should seek to clarify or expand information. It is never appropriate to belligerently challenge or belittle the speaker. (4) No signs of partiality, prejudice or disrespect should be evident on the part of individual Public Officials toward an individual participating in a public forum. Every effort should be made to be fair and impartial in listening to public testimony. (5) Be respectful of diverse opinions. A primary role of the city commission and the various boards and committees is to represent many points of view in the community. Decisions by the City Commission and the city's various boards and committees should be based on a full Additions shown by uncle_ rlining and deletions shown by ove�g. Page 6 of 13 Ord. No. 21-07-1922 spectrum of concerns and perspectives. No discriminatory comments or derogatory remarks shall be acceptable. No jest made to the detriment of any recognized group (religious, ethic, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, age, or racial) shall be considered appropriate humor. (6) No quasi-judicial item may be discussed during an agenda, unless the item to be discussed is a procedural question related to the quasi-judicial item, or during the actual public hearing on the quasi-judicial item, with the applicant present. Furthermore, no discussion by the citizens shall be discussed after a public hearing on the quasi-judicial matter, until the appeal period has expired and no appeal has been filed with the appropriate authority. This safeguard shall ensure the integrity of the hearing process and ensure proper due process is provided to any applicant, should an appeal be taken and the matter remanded back to the city commission. (7) All public speakers including citizens shall practice civility and respect while speaking during public comments or during a public hearing. Difficult questions, tough challenges to a particular point of view, and criticism of ideas and information are legitimate elements of a free democracy in action. However, the public speaker should refrain from making belligerent, personal, impertinent, slanderous, threatening, abusive, or disparaging comments. No shouting or physical actions that could be construed as threatening will be tolerated. The public speaker should avoid personal comments that could personally offend any commission member, board or committee member or any member of the community at large. (g) Non - agenda Items: During a designated period of the agenda, citizens, public officials and staff may bring forth issues or questions that are not on the meeting's agenda. Topics should be legislative items requiring action by the Mayor, or the Commission, study issues for future consideration, and requests for information. Each citizen will be limited to five minutes. Similar rules should be applied by the chair of the various boards and committees of the City. (h) Motions: Main motions may be followed by amendments, followed by substitute motions. Any member can call for a point of order. Public Officials who voted on the prevailing side may make motions to reconsider. (i) Public Announcements in Meetings. Public Officials who want to make announcements, recognize achievements, promote an event or make presentations should notify the Chair in advance. Public Officials will be limited to five minutes each, unless they request and receive additional time from the Chair, and should keep the focus on matters of community- wide interest. (j) Endorsement of Candidates: Public Officials have the right to endorse candidates for all Commission seats or other elected offices. It is inappropriate to mention endorsements during Commission meetings or other official City meetings. (k) Correspondence Signatures: (1) Public Officials do not need to acknowledge the receipt of correspondence, or copies of correspondence, during Commission meetings or other official City meetings. City staff will Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by eve�g. Page 7 of 13 Ord. No. 21 -07 -1922 prepare official letters in response to public inquiries and concerns. If correspondence is addressed only to one Public Official, that Public Official should check with staff on the best way to respond to the sender. At all times, Public Officials, will make sure to comply with the City's quasi-judicial procedures, comply with the Jennings Rule, and adhere to the state's Sunshine laws. (2) Public officials are to check with City staff on correspondence before taking action. Before sending correspondence, public officials should check with City staff to see if an official City response has already been sent or is in progress. (1) Conduct with City Staff. Governance of a City relies on the cooperative efforts of all Public Officials. The City Commission sets policy, and the City Manager together with City staff implements and administers the Commission's policies. To allow proper governance and to ensure non- interference with the City manager's application or implementation of the city commission's policies, Public Officials shall comply with the following guidelines: . (1) Public Officials shall treat all staff as professionals with clear, honest communication that respects the abilities, experience, and dignity of each individual is expected. Public officials shall maintain an attitude of courtesy and consideration toward all colleagues, public officials and staff during all discussions and deliberations. (2) Questions /inquiries to City staff: (A) General public official communications with City staff should be limited to normal City business hours unless the circumstances warrant otherwise. Responses to public official questions posed outside of normal business hours should be expected no earlier than the next business day. (B) Routine Requests for Information and Inquiries. Public officials may contact staff directly for information made readily available to the general public on a regular basis (e.g., "What are the library's hours of operation ? "). Under these circumstances staff shall treat the public official no differently than they would the general public, and the public official shall not use his/her /their elected or appointed status to secure preferential treatment. The City Manager does not need to be advised of such contacts. (C) Non - Routine Requests for Readily Available Information. A public official may also contact staff directly for easily retrievable information not routinely requested by the general public so long as it does not require staff to discuss the issue or express an opinion (e.g., "How many traffic Iights are there in the City ? "). (D) Non - Routine Requests Requiring Special Effort. Any Public official request or inquiry that requires staff to compile information that is not readily Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by evei�g. Page 8 of 13 Ord. no. 21 -07 -1922 available or easily retrievable and/or that requests staff to express an opinion (legal or otherwise) must be directed to the City Manager, (e.g., "Please provide a matrix reconciling data from various traffic and parking studies in Hometown Overlay District. ". The City Manager shall be responsible for distributing such requests to his/her staff for follow -up. Responses to such requests shall be copied to all public officials on the board, the City Manager, the City Attorney as appropriate and affected Department Heads. The procedure outlined in this subsection does not preclude a Public Official from making a public records request under Chapter 119 Florida Statutes. (E) Meeting Requests. Any Public official request for a meeting with staff must be directed to the City Manager. When in doubt about the appropriateness of a communication with staff, public officials shall ask the City Manager for advice. (F) Public Safety Restrictions. Under certain circumstances, requests for information regarding operations or personnel of the Department of Public Safety may be legally restricted under state law to protect minors, certain victims and law enforcement officers and their investigations. Accordingly, it shall be the policy of the City of South Miami to strictly comply with all applicable legal authorities governing the release of Public Safety information and records. (3) Do not disrupt City staff from their jobs. Public officials should not disrupt City staff while they are engrossed in performing their job functions in order to have their individual needs met. (4) Never publicly criticize an individual employee. Public officials shall never express concerns about the performance of a City employee in public, to the employee directly, or to the employee's manager. Comments about staff performance should only be made to the City Manager through private correspondence or conversation. (5) Public Officials shall not become involved in administrative functions. Public officials shall not attempt to influence City staff on the making of appointments, awarding of contracts, selecting of consultants, processing of development applications, or granting of City licenses and permits. (6) Public officials shall not attend meetings with City staff unless requested by staff. This restriction does not apply to board or committee members sitting in on meetings concerning matters that do not come before their respective boards or committees for consideration. (7) Requests for staff support shall be made to the City Manager who is responsible for allocating City resources. (S) Public Officials shall not solicit political support from staff. Public officials should not solicit any type of political support (financial contributions, display of posters or lawn signs, name on support list, etc.) from City staff. City staff may, as private citizens with constitutional rights, support political candidates but all such activities must be done away from the workplace. Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by e e .gig. Page 9 of 13 Ord. No. 21 -07 -1922 (m) Conduct with Members of the Public. (1) Make no promises on behalf of the entire body. Public officials will frequently be asked to explain an action of the body or to give their opinion about an issue as they meet and talk with constituents in the community. It is appropriate to give a brief overview of City policy and to refer to City staff for further information. It is inappropriate to overtly or implicitly promise action by the body, or to promise City staff will do something specific (fix a pothole, remove a library book, plant new flowers in the median, etc.). (2) Make no personal comments about other public officials It is acceptable to publicly disagree about an issue, but it is unacceptable to make derogatory comments about other public officials, their opinions and actions. (n) Conduct with Other Public Agencies. (1) Public officials should be clear about representing the city, a board of the city or personal interests. If a public official appears before another governmental agency or organization or meets with the agency representative or staff to give a statement on an issue, the public official must clearly state. 1) if his or her statement reflects personal opinion or is the official stance of the City; 2) whether this is the majority or minority opinion of the body s/he represents. If the public official is representing the City, the Public official must support and advocate the official City position on an issue, not a personal viewpoint. (2) Correspondence also should be equally clear about representation. City letterhead may be used when the public official is representing the City and the City's official position. A copy of official correspondence should be given to the City Clerk to be filed in the Commission Office as part of the permanent public record. It is best that City letterhead not be used for correspondence of public officials representing a personal point of view or a dissenting point of view from an official city commission or city board position. However, should public officials use City letterhead to express a personal opinion, the official City position must be stated clearly so the reader understands the difference between the official City position and the minor viewpoint of the public official. (o) Conduct With Boards and Commissions. (1) Public Officials may generally attend any public meeting, which are always open to any member of the public. There are specific exceptions in the case of quasi-judicial proceedings. If in doubt, the Public Official should seek guidance from the city attorney's office. However, Public Officials should be sensitive to the way their participation could be viewed as unfairly affecting the process. No A-Hy public comments by an appointed public official at a the city commission meeting may be made where the board or committee's recommendation is presented, unless that board or committee member is specifically invited to Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by everstriking. Page 10 of 13 Ord. No. 21 -07 -1922 speak by the Mayor or by the Commission. (2) It is inappropriate for a Public Official to contact a committee, board or commission member to lobby on behalf of an individual, organization, business, or developer. Nor is acceptable for Public Officials to contact board or commission members in order to clarify a position taken by their respective committee, board or Commission. Any such contact should be occur in compliance with this ordinance and the state's Sunshine requirements. (3) The City Commission, together with the various boards and committees serve the community, not individual public officials. The City Commission appoints individuals (appointed public officials) to serve on boards and committees and it is the responsibility of boards and committees to follow policy established by the City Commission. But the board and committee members do not report to the individual City Commissioners. No Public Official (whether on the city commission or any board or committee) has the power or right to threaten any other board, committee and/or commission member. Appointment and re- appointment to a board or committee should be based on such criteria as expertise, ability to work with staff and the public, commitment to fulfilling official duties, and compliance with the Code of Conduct and Code of Ethics. A board or committee appointment should not be used as a political "reward." Failure to adhere to this code, by any appointed public official shall result in removal from the advisory board or committee. (p) Commission Conduct with The Media. Public Officials are frequently contacted by the media for background and quotes. Most members of the media represent the highest levels of journalistic integrity and ethics, and can be trusted to keep their word. But one bad experience can be catastrophic. Words that are not said cannot be quoted. The Mayor is the official spokesperson and representative of the City's position. The Mayor is the designated representative of the Commission to present and speak on the official City position. If an individual public official is contacted by the media, the public official should be clear about whether their comments represent the official City position or a personal viewpoint. The public official should choose words carefully and cautiously. Comments taken out of context can cause problems. Be especially cautious about humor, sardonic asides, sarcasm, or word play. It is never appropriate to use personal slurs or swear words when talking with the media. (q) Sanctions. (1) Public Disruption. Members of the public who do not follow proper conduct after a warning in a public hearing shall be barred from further testimony at that meeting or removed from the Commission Chambers. (2) Inappropriate Staff Behavior. Public officials should refer to the City Manager any City staff who do not follow proper conduct in their dealings with Commissioners, board members, other City staff, or the public. These employees may be disciplined in accordance with standard City procedures for such actions. Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by &vefsti4k-kig. Page 11 of 13 Ord. No. 21 -07 -1922 (3) Public Officials Behavior and Conduct. Public officials who intentionally and repeatedly do not follow proper conduct may be reprimanded or formally censured by the Commission., . Serious infractions of the Code of Ethics or Code of Conduct could lead to other sanctions as deemed appropriate by Commission and as provided under law. Failure of an appointed public official to comply with the city's, county's and state's ethics codes shall result in removal of the public official. (4) Appointed Public Officials. Violation of this code by an appointed public official, for a first offense, shall result in sanctions, which sanctions may include removal of the appointed public official from the board or committee. A second violation of this code by an appointed public official shall result in removal of that appointed public official from the board or committee. Section 2. If any section, clause, sentence, or phrase of this ordinance is for any reason held invalid or unconstitutional by a court of competent jurisdiction, the holding shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. Section 3. All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with the provisions of this ordinance are repealed. Section 4. This ordinance shall be codified and included in the Code of Ordinances upon final enactment. Section 5. This ordinance shall take effect immediately upon enactment. Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by avef Wig. Page 12 of 13 Ord. no. 21 -07 -1922 PASSED AND ADOPTED this / day of j , 2007. TTEST: I'f Y CLE REA D AS FORM: Lui . Figueredo, Nagin Gallop Figueredo, P.A. Office of City Attorney •' I st Reading - 3/ 6 0 7 2nd Reading -4/247-07 3rd Reading - 6/12/07 COMMISSION VOTE: 3 -1 Mayor Feliu: Yea Vice Mayor Wiscombe: Yea Commissioner Birts: Yea Commissioner Beckman: absent Commissioner Palmer: Nay Additions shown by underlining and deletions shown by a efgib. Page 13 of 13